在结构“动词+名词1/代词+名词2”中,名词1可定性为宾语,而名词2既有可能是直接宾语又也有可能是宾语补足语。这里介绍一种定性名词2的方法。
以大家熟悉的give 为例,give her brother a camera, give 后属于双宾语结构,其中her brother 是间接宾语,a camera 是直接宾语。再以call 为例,call him Tommy , call 后属复合宾语结构,即him 是宾语,Tommy 是宾补。通过以上两例的分析,在give 双宾语结构中,her brother ≠a camera,而在call的复合宾语中,通过认定him=Tommy , 可以判定Tommy 是宾补。
用此方法来验证其它常用的动词,不难发现有很多例证性句子,现举例如下:
双宾语判定方法:名词1/代词≠名词2
fetch me an evening paper 给某人拿一张报纸
bring me an umbrella 给我带来一把雨伞
book her five tables 替她订了五桌
borrow him my computer 把我的计算机借他
ask Mary a question 问玛丽一个问题
offer Jane a chance 给珍妮一个机会
give them a lecture 给他们作一个讲座
leave her son much money 给她儿子留下许多钱
tell us a story 告诉我们一个故事
send his father a photo 给他父亲送去一张照片
wish you success 祝你成功
pass me the ball 把球传给我
set him a difficult task 给他布置了一项困难的工作
show me your pass 出示你的通行证
buy him a nice gift 给他买了一件好看的礼物
write him a letter 给他写了封信
teach the children French 教孩子们法语
save him some money 给他节约了一笔钱
cause them much trouble 给他们带来很多麻烦
cook her husband a delicious meal 替她丈夫做了一顿可口的饭菜
build the villager a wooden bridge 给村民们造了座木桥
do somebody good 对某人有好处
kiss her son good-bye 吻别她的儿子
post/mail his teacher some books 给他的老师寄了几本书
return his neighbor the bike 把自行车归还给他的邻居
throw the children some candies 把糖果扔给孩子们
play us something happy 演奏一些欢快的(音乐)
复合宾语(宾语+宾补)判定方法:名词1/代词=名词2
make London the base for his revolutionary work 把伦敦作为革命工作的基地
consider him a spy 认为它是个间谍
think that a sign for recovery 认为那是康复的迹象
find that his duty 认为那是他的职责
elect her monitor of our class 选她作为我班的班长
choose Shanghai the place for his holiday 选定上海为他度假的地方
call himself Gao Sir 自称是高先生
name his son Tommy 给他儿子起名叫汤米
show himself a hero 证明他是个英雄
promote his former classmate manager of the branch 把他以前的一个同学提升为部门经理
label the boy a liar 称这个男孩为说谎者
rename his daughter Lucy 把他女儿改名璐茜
misname his new friend Professor Yang 误称他新朋友为杨教授
count herself a fortunate wife 认为她自己是一位幸运的妻子
own himself a failure 承认他自己是一个失败者
值得一提的是,对于同一个动词的双宾语和复合宾语,以上的方法仍然十分有效。如:
We found him a coward. 我们发觉他是个胆小鬼。
We found her a car. 我们为她找了辆车。
How dare you call me Fatty?你竟敢叫我胖子?
They called me a taxi. 他们为我叫了辆出租车。
Our head teacher makes the school his home. 我们班主任以校为家。
My father made me a model plane last month. 我父亲上个月给我做了只模型飞机。
运用上面介绍的方法,判定最后六例是属于双宾语或复合宾语(宾语+宾补)是否很轻松了呢?